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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 2:31 am
Time: 2:31 am
Results for violent crime (u.k.)
2 results foundAuthor: Han, Lu Title: Understanding the Determinants of Property and Violent Crime in England and Wales: A Panel Data Analysis Summary: We examine various determinants of property and violent crimes by using police force area level (PFA) data on England and Wales over the period 1992-2008. Our list of potential determinants includes two law enforcement variables namely crime-specific detection rate and prison population, and various socio-economic variables such as unemployment rate, real earnings, proportion of young people and Gini Coefficient. By adopting a fixed effect dynamic GMM estimation methodology we attempt to address the potential bias that arises from the presence of time-invariant unobserved characteristics of a PFA and the endogeneity of several regressors. There is a significant positive effect of own-lagged crime rate. The own-lagged effect is stronger for property crime, on an average, than violent crime. We find that, on an average, higher detection rate and prison population leads to lower property and violent crimes. This is robust to various specifications. However, socio-economic variables with the exception of real earnings play a limited role in explaining different crime types. Details: Unpublished Paper, 2011. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2011 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1773913 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1773913 Shelf Number: 121220 Keywords: Crime RatesCrime StatisticsProperty CrimeSocioeconomic ConditionsViolent Crime (U.K.) |
Author: Sivarajasingam, V. Title: Violence in England and Wales in 2010: An Accident and Emergency Perspective Summary: This report concerns levels and trends in violence in England and Wales which resulted in hospital treatment in Emergency Departments (EDs) and Minor Injury Units (MIUs) in the year ending 31st December 2010. This is the 10th annual report of the National Violence Surveillance Network (NVSN) which uses an objective health measure of violence in contrast to traditional crime and justice measures (police records and the British Crime Survey (BCS)). NVSN was developed to bring clarity to national trends in violence which, from official Home Office measures, had often been contradictory. Attending an ED depends on the presence of injury deemed to require medical treatment and not on the perception that a crime has been committed. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to changes in recording practices and does not rely on recall that violence has been committed (as in the BCS – a BCS interview can be as long as twelve months after a violent incident). Previously the BCS did not include the experiences of children but since January 2009 the survey has been extended to include a sample of children aged 10 to 15. Measuring violence from injury records is not without its limitations however. Violence which results in hospital treatment represents the most serious violence and does not include violence which does not result in injury or which results in injury deemed not to require hospital treatment. According to the BCS and police records, around half of violent incidents identified by these methods result in no physical injury. Annual NVSN studies of trends in violence in England and Wales found no significant national trends in the period 1995 to 2000, and year on year overall decreases in violence from 2001 to 2009, except in 2008 when a 7% increase was identified. The aim of the study reported here is to identify overall gender and age-specific violence-related injury rates and violence trends in England and Wales for the period ending 31st December 2010. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Violence and Society Research Group, Cardiff University, 2010. 11p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 17, 2012 at http://www.vrg.cf.ac.uk/nvit/NVIT_2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.vrg.cf.ac.uk/nvit/NVIT_2010.pdf Shelf Number: 124163 Keywords: Emergency ServicesInjuryViolent Crime (U.K.) |